The article explored the issue of risk management in the penal system and its impact on national security. A diversification effects and conditions of recidivism persons who have served a sentence in the penitentiary system. Research to predict the risk of danger and determine the parameters of impact on society. The penal system has the highest risk, as particularly important the compatibility of its activities legal, social and economic level of development.

Risk management in the penal system as a set of interrelated risks. These risks include the level and dynamics of the socio-economic situation in the country, legal, internal and personal risk staff and prisoners. Risk of recurrent crimes cannot be entirely avoided. They need the resources allocated by the state to finance law enforcement and penal system.

The lack of a systematic approach to risk management, law enforcement, manifested in the lack of coordination between units and departmental approaches to evaluating the results of their activities. Probability of threats in prisons is due to the influence of exogenous and endogenous factors. The impact activity depends on the effectiveness of measures for their elimination and prevention. The benchmarks to assess and identify threats include: load level institutions, food, clothing and medical care. The reintegration of prisoners is an indicator that provides reduced risk of committing repeated crimes and allows adapting in society and becoming law-abiding citizen. For penitentiary risk management results reflected a change in the criminal potential. Risk management is an integral part of strategic programs of law enforcement agencies in the fight against crime, and including relapses.

Key words: risk, penal system, recurrent crime, penitentiary after relapse, social efficiency.

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